1:Irmgard Bartenieff & Doris Lewis《Body Movement Coping with the Environment》1980、Cecily Dell《A Primer for Movement Description: Using Effort-Shape and Supplementary Concepts》1977、Rudolf von Laban《The Mastery of Movement》1971.
2:拉邦动作分析名词。刻画塑形的项目之一与绵延持续的(Sustainment)时间质感并行、向前进行的动作过程。